Publications

The Moratorium on Tariffs on E-commerce Should Stay

| 25 November 2021
Trade, Blog | Tags: Digitalization, Tariffs, WTO
The rise of the digital economy will be hitting the agenda at next week’s Ministerial Conference (MC12) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in many ways. The continuation of the provisional e-commerce moratorium is one of them – and one that is critical. The e-commerce ... continue reading

Carbon Prices and Carbon Leakage

and | 15 November 2021
Trade, Blog | Tags: Carbon Pricing, Carbon Tax
Over the past weeks, the conversation over a global carbon price has considerably moved up policy debates worldwide. Just half a year ago, hardly anyone would have seen such a global floor as a viable option. Now, it still comes with a big question mark, ... continue reading

Bridging the Disconnects – From Diagnosis to Action in Addressing Climate-Related Financial Risks

| 29 October 2021
Monetary, Blog | Tags: Central Banks, Climate Risks, Financial Regulation, Macroprudential Policy
When the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) published its Report on Climate-Related Financial Risk last week, it triggered a wide range of reactions. Some praised it as a critical step in moving climate risks up the agenda amongst FSOC members such as the US Treasury, ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures in the Balkans: Time to Open the Black Box

| 28 October 2021
Fiscal, Blog | Tags: Tax Expenditures, Tax Reform
The traditional way of thinking about government expenditure goes as follows: first, governments collect revenue (through taxes, borrowing, or other means such as fines and penalties) and then they spend that revenue through the budget process. However, governments can also choose to support different economic ... continue reading

Aligning Central Bank Refinancing Operations with the G20 Agenda

and | 6 October 2021
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: Central Banks, Climate Risk, G20, Targeted Refinancing Lines
Since the Pittsburgh Summit in 2009, G20 leaders have repeatedly highlighted inclusive growth and environmental protection as core objectives in their joint declarations. With the widening of economic inequalities and the acceleration of climate change and biodiversity loss, their calls for action have gained further ... continue reading